Theory X proposes that which of the following is true?

• A. People do not like work, little ambition
• B. People like to work and have high ambition
• C. People are neutral about work
• D. People are not capable of improvement

Answer: (A)

Theory X assumes that workers inherently dislike work, avoid responsibility, and need direction and control. The statement that people do not like work and have little ambition aligns exactly with this pessimistic view of human nature. It reflects the idea that motivation comes mainly from external supervision and penalties, rather than internal drive or interest.

In contrast, the other descriptions fit Theory Y, which portrays people as enjoying work, seeking responsibility, and being capable of self-direction. Saying people are neutral about work doesn’t match X’s assumption about a strong negative view of work, and claiming people are not capable of improvement extends beyond X’s focus on motivation and control into a separate, unsupported claim about potential.