Which term describes voluntary behaviors employees perform to help others and benefit their organization?

• A. Environmental scanning
• B. Stakeholders
• C. Power distance
• D. Organizational citizenship behaviors

Answer: (D)

Voluntary behaviors employees perform beyond their formal duties to help others and advance the organization are called organizational citizenship behaviors. These actions aren’t required by job descriptions—they include lending a hand to coworkers, volunteering for extra tasks, supporting change initiatives, and taking the initiative to improve processes. Such behaviors boost teamwork, morale, and overall organizational effectiveness, even though they aren’t part of formal performance metrics. The other terms describe different ideas: environmental scanning is about collecting information on the external environment to inform strategy; stakeholders are groups with an interest in the organization; power distance relates to how power is distributed and accepted within a culture. None specifically capture the discretionary, extra-role contributions that organizational citizenship behaviors describe, making this the best fit.